Scientists raise alarm over today’s measures against Legionellosis

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Scientists raise alarm over today’s measures against Legionellosis

According to the textbooks, both high doses of chlorine and hot water are lethal to legionella bacteria. But now Norwegian scientists are sounding the alarm that the bacteria can survive these treatments, by hiding in amoebae.

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Nov. 1, 2013 — According to the textbooks, both high doses of chlorine and hot water are lethal to legionella bacteria. But now Norwegian scientists are sounding the alarm that the bacteria can survive these treatments, by hiding in amoebae.Legionella bacteria can cause deadly pneumonia via our shower water. On the basis of her own recent findings, SINTEF scientist Catrine Ahlén warns that we should not blindly assume that the measures recommended to deal with legionella infections in water systems always work.Mystery solvedThe number of cases of legionellosis, or Legionnaires’ disease, has increased in Europe during the past few years, at the same time as a mystery has been building up; on board ships and in buildings all over the world, the feared bacteria have repeatedly turned up in tap-water, in spite of the recommended high doses of chlorine and hot-water treatments that have been implemented — measures that these bacteria don’t normally survive.But now the mystery appears to have been solved.Time to extend emergency preparednessFor the past three years, Catrine Ahlén has been collaborating with the Royal Norwegian Navy and her own colleagues at SINTEF and NTNU in systematic studies of how legionella problems arise and remain in ships’ water systems.In the samples from the navy ships, the SINTEF senior scientist found evidence that the bacteria had survived the recommended treatment by using the amoebae as a shield, something that had not previously been demonstrated in a water supply system.Chlorine and hot water kill legionella, but not amoebae, so Ahlén now strongly recommends that our contingency planning for legionella outbreaks should be extended to include the demonstration and elimination of amoebae, both at sea and ashore.Old water pipesOn land, legionella bacteria are tend to be found in the water supply of hotels, sports halls and swimming baths, and of institutions like hospitals and nursing homes.”The Norwegian water supply system is old. The pipes contain huge amounts of internal fouling in the shape of biofilm, a slimy coating that offers amoebae first-class living conditions. The network can therefore spread amoebae, even though many purification systems at sources of drinking water are hypermodern,” says Ahlén.In view of her findings on behalf of the Navy, she therefore recommends that everyone whose tap-water has been shown to contain legionella should order a set of analyses that would show whether the water also contains amoebae.Find themselves hostsAmoebae are relatively large single-celled organisms. They normally eat bacteria, including legionella; in other words, they kill them. However, laboratory tests in the USA showed as long ago as 2000 that a few legionella bacteria do manage to survive and reproduce inside amoebae.The research project with the Royal Norwegian Navy sampled water from 41 naval vessels. Half of them turned out to be infected by the species Legionella pneumophila (see fact-box). Ahlén and her colleagues also found amoebae in all the legionella-infected ships. …

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Scientists raise alarm over today’s measures against Legionellosis

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Scientists raise alarm over today’s measures against Legionellosis

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